The first dexterous and sentient hand prosthesis has been successfully implanted
A female Swedish patient with hand amputation has become the first recipient of an osseo-neuromuscular implant to control a dexterous hand prosthesis. In a pioneering surgery, titanium implants were placed in the two forearm bones (radius and ulnar), from which electrodes to nerves and muscle were extended to extract signals to control a robotic hand and to provide tactile sensations. This makes it the first clinically viable, dexterous and sentient prosthetic hand usable in real life. The breakthrough is part of the European project DeTOP.
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The new implant technology was developed in Sweden by a team lead by Dr. Max Ortiz Catalan at Integrum AB – the company behind the first bone-anchored limb prosthesis using osseointegration – and Chalmers University of Technology. This first-of-its-kind surgery, led by Prof. Rickard Brånemark and Dr. Paolo Sassu, took place at Sahlgrenska University Hospital as part of a larger project funded by the European Commission under Horizon 2020 called DeTOP (GA #687905) (video). The DeTOP project is coordinated by Prof. Christian Cipriani at the Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, and also includes Prensilia, the University of Gothenburg, Lund University, University of Essex, the Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology, INAIL Prosthetic Center, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, and the Instituto Ortopedico Rizzoli.
Conventional prosthetic hands rely on electrodes placed over the skin to extract control signals from the underlying stump muscles. These superficial electrodes deliver limited and unreliable signals that only allow control of a couple of gross movements (opening and closing the hand). Richer and more reliable information can be obtained by implanting electrodes in all remaining muscle in the stump instead. Sixteen electrodes were implanted in this first patient in order to achieve more dexterous control of a novel prosthetic hand developed in Italy by the Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna and Prensilia.
Current prosthetic hands have also limited sensory feedback. They do not provide tactile or kinesthetic sensation, so the user can only rely on vision while using the prosthesis. Users cannot tell how strongly an object is grasped, or even when contact has been made. By implanting electrodes in the nerves that used to be connected to the lost biological sensors of the hand, researchers can electrically stimulate these nerves in a similar manner as information conveyed by the biological hand. This results in the patient perceiving sensations originating in the new prosthetic hand, as it is equipped with sensors that drive the stimulation of the nerve to deliver such sensations.
One of the most important aspects of this work is that this is the first technology usable in daily life. This means it is not limited to a research laboratory. The Swedish group – Integrum AB and Chalmers University of Technology – have previously demonstrated that control of a sentient prosthesis in daily life was possible in above-elbow amputees using similar technology (video). This was not possible in below-elbow amputees where there are two smaller bones rather than a single larger one as in the upper arm. This posed several challenges on the development of the implant system. On the other hand, it also presents an opportunity to achieve a more dexterous control of an artificial replacement. This is because many more muscles are available to extract neural commands in below-elbow amputations.
Bones weaken if they are not used (loaded), as commonly happens after amputation. The patient is following a rehabilitation program to regain the strength in her forearm bones to be able to fully load the prosthetic hand. In parallel, she is also relearning how to control her missing hand using virtual reality (video). In a few weeks, she will be using a prosthetic hand with increasing function and sensations in her daily life (video). Two more patients will be implanted with this new generation of prosthetic hand in the upcoming months, in Italy and Sweden.
The attachment to the body of a robotic limb is a major problem when attempting to replace a lost extremity. The most common approach is using a socket over the stump, which often causes discomfort, pain, and limits mobility, in between other problems. The new technology does not require a socket and, instead, relays on the integration of bone tissue and titanium to anchor the prosthesis directly to the skeleton via a prosses call osseointegration.
Osseointegration was discovered in Sweden in the 1950s, used first to enable dental implants in the 1960s and then, since the 1990s, for anchoring limb prostheses – a technology pioneered by Integrum AB. This technology is now further applied as a communication interface to electrodes implanted in nerves and muscles to provide control over the prosthesis in additional skeletal attachment. In below-elbow amputations, this technology has the additional advantage to allow for natural wrist rotation, thus restoring one additional motion with natural control and sensory feedback (video).
“Several advanced prosthetic technologies have been reported in the last decade, but unfortunately they have remained as research concepts used only for short periods of time in controlled environments,” says Dr. Ortiz Catalan, who has led this development since its beginning 10 years ago initially in above-elbow amputations. “The breakthrough of our technology consists of enabling patients to use implanted neuromuscular interfaces to control their prosthesis while perceiving sensations where it matters for them, in their daily life.”
For more information about this pioneering technology, please contact:
Dr. Max Ortiz Catalan, +46708461065, max.ortiz@integrum.se
For more information about Integrum, please contact:
Rutger Barrdahl – CEO
Tel. +46 705 23 39 55
Certified Adviser:
Erik Penser Bank AB
Tel. +46 8 463 8000
About Integrum
Integrum AB is a publicly traded company (INTEG B: Nasdaq First North exchange) based outside of Gothenburg, Sweden with a U.S. subsidiary in San Francisco, CA. Since 1990 osseointegration, the science behind the OPRA™ Implant System, has been helping individuals with amputations towards an improved quality of life. Thorough surgical experience gained over almost three decades from 500 surgeries in 13 countries has led to the development of Integrum’s system for bone-anchored prosthetics – a beneficial alternative to the traditionally used socket prosthesis. Integrum’s OPRA™ Implant System was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2015 for use in the U.S. under a Humanitarian Use Device (HUD) designation which was reviewed through the Humanitarian Device Exemption (HDE) pathway. The OPRA™ Implant System is the only FDA approved technology for above knee, bone anchored prosthetics available in the U.S. More information on the company and its innovative solutions for amputees can be found at www.integrum.se.
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