Antidepressants more effective than usually assumed

Many have recently questioned the efficacy of the most common antidepressant medications, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The conclusion that these drugs are ineffective is however partly based on a misinterpretation of the outcome of the clinical trials once conducted to demonstrate their efficacy. This was the finding of a study conducted by researchers at the Sahlgrenska Academy in Sweden. 

In recent years, many observers have argued that the most commonly used antidepressant medications, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are ineffective. This criticism has caused authorities in many countries to become increasingly cautious in recommending these medications.

One reason for the questioning of the SSRIs has been that many of the clinical trials conducted by the pharmaceutical companies years ago to prove their efficacy failed: critics have thus pointed out that less than half of the studies demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the tested SSRI and placebo. 

In order to shed further light on this controversial issue, researchers at the Sahlgrenska Academy have now analyzed the data from all major company-sponsored placebo-controlled studies addressing the effect of any of three SSRIs – citalopram, sertraline and paroxetine – for major depression in adults. The analyses have been conducted by Ph.D. student Fredrik Hieronymus and others in a research team led by pharmacologist Elias Eriksson.

“In order to measure the antidepressant effect, the pharmaceutical companies have unwisely assessed the reduction in the sum score for a large number of symptoms listed on a rating scale. However, the sensitivity of this instrument is markedly marred by the fact that many of these symptoms occur also in subjects without depression, while others are absent also in many depressed patients. For this and other reasons, the usefulness of this rating scale, which was constructed already during the 1950s, has since long been questioned.”

“We investigated what happens if one instead analyzes the effect of the treatment on the key item of the scale – depressed mood.”

According to Elias Eriksson, the results are noteworthy:

• With the conventional measure of efficacy, only 44 percent of the 32 comparisons reveal a significant superiority of the SSRIs over placebo.
  
  
• When the Gothenburg researchers instead examined the efficacy on depressed mood, 29 of the 32 comparisons (91 percent) showed a significant difference favoring the active drug.

“Our conclusion is that the questioning of the antidepressant efficacy of SSRIs is to a large extent based on an unfortunate misinterpretation of the available data. The truth is that the scientific support for these drugs exerting an antidepressant impact is very robust across studies”, comments Elias Eriksson.

The article “Consistent superiority of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors over placebo in reducing depressed mood in patients with major depression” was published online in the scientific journal Molecular Psychiatry on April, 28.

Link to the article:http://www.nature.com/mp/journal/vaop/ncurrent/pdf/mp201553a.pdf

Contact:
Elias Eriksson, M.D., Professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg
0709 55 50 55
elias.eriksson@neuro.gu.se

Press Officer
Krister Svahn
Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg
46766-18 38 69
4631-786 3869
krister.svahn@sahlgrenska.gu.se

The Sahlgrenska Academy is the faculty of health sciences at the University of Gothenburg. Education and research are conducted within the fields of pharmacy, medicine, odontology and health care sciences. About 4,000 undergraduate students and 1,200 postgraduate students are enrolled at Sahlgrenska Academy. Around 1,400 people work at the Sahlgrenska Academy, 850 of them are researchers and/or teachers. 2013 Sahlgrenska Academy had a turnover of 2,4 billion SEK.

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