New study reveals lightning risks and damage potential for over 1,500 U.S. wind farms
A first-of-its-kind analysis from Vaisala’s Xweather team has identified the full extent of lightning strikes and risks at or near wind farms in the continental United States.
Key findings:
- 77,494 lightning strokes were detected near U.S. wind farms in 2023. Lightning damage is the cause of 80% of wind turbine downtime, on average.
- A wind farm in Texas and another in Oklahoma, states known for steady wind conditions, but also high thunderstorm activity, saw over 1,000 lightning strokes each in 2023. Wind farms in these states also saw the highest lightning activity per-turbine.
- 31% of US wind farms had 1 or more lightning strokes per turbine in 2023. Conversely, 33% of wind farms got through the year without a single lightning strike.
- Lightning detection and tracking are key to reducing wind farm downtime and protecting technical personnel from injury.
Denver, Colorado (April 17th, 2024) Global lightning detection leader Vaisala Xweather has analyzed every lightning strike on or around wind farms in the continental United States in 2023. The Xweather report reveals 77,494 lightning strokes at or near more than 1,500 wind farms. The findings show an operation in Hansford County, Texas, and another straddling Blaine and Custer Counties, Oklahoma, seeing the most lightning activity, with more than 1,000 strokes each during the year.
Wind farms are natural targets for lightning, due to their height and use of conductive materials. Experts estimate that lightning damage costs wind farm operators more than $100 million annually and accounts for 60% of blade losses and almost 20% of operational losses overall. With proper lightning surveillance and predictive maintenance, this number can be dramatically reduced.
The most common cause for lightning damage to wind farms is either downward initiated lightning, which contacts the tip of a turbine blade, or “upward lightning,” which is when the height of the turbine is so significant that it starts generating lightning that would not normally occur. The taller the turbine, the more likely it is to be struck by lightning. According to industry experts, 1–3% of lightning strikes to wind turbine blades result in blade damage. During the first year of operation of a new wind turbine, as much as 85% of downtime can be attributed to lightning activity in the southwestern United States. Over the long term, an average of 80% of turbine downtime is caused by lightning.
“Wind farm operators are absolutely aware of how lightning can damage turbine blades, and so as we keep building renewable energy, they are naturally looking at which locations can provide stable wind with low lightning risk. Those who have to operate in lightning-prone areas need to be fully aware of current and future weather conditions so they can prepare their operations,” says Ryan Said, Senior Scientist at Vaisala Xweather.
A wind farm in Pushmataha Country, Oklahoma, saw an average of 14.4 lightning strokes per turbine in 2023. This was the highest number per-turbine in the country. Three wind farms saw more than 10 lightning strikes per turbine in 2023. At the same time, one-third of U.S. wind farms saw no lightning activity at all during the entire year.
Vaisala’s data also measures the peak current of lightning strokes, which gives a clear indication of the damage potential in a lightning event. With higher currents, the risk of damage to turbines increases.
“Renewable energy is the key to the future of our energy mix, and overcoming obstacles like lightning risk is a central part of enabling large-scale expansion and reducing our dependence on fossil fuels. With this report and our lightning capabilities, we give wind farm operators the tools they need to place power generation in the right locations and protect their operations from downtime and unnecessary pauses in production,” Said continues.
Vaisala’s precision lightning detection network detects and pinpoints lightning activity in near real-time with accuracy to within 100 meters, anywhere in the contiguous United States. Vaisala also operates the world’s most consistently accurate and reliable long-range global lightning detection network, supporting wind farms anywhere on Earth including offshore installations.
Real-time lightning detection and storm forecasting are essential for keeping wind farms operational while protecting technical personnel. Identifying which wind turbines have been exposed to lightning can trigger proactive maintenance and reduce downtime. Additionally, knowing which turbines are most at risk from lightning activity helps operators forecast lightning-related operational expenses. More insights can be found in the Vaisala Xweather 2023 Annual Lightning Report.
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More information for the media:
Hans Loewenheath, Product Manager, Vaisala Xweather
hans.loewenheath@vaisala.com
Niina Ala-Luopa, Head of Communications, Vaisala
Tel. +358 400 728 957
comms@vaisala.com
About Vaisala
Vaisala is a global leader in measurement instruments and intelligence for climate action. We equip our customers with devices and data to improve resource efficiency, drive energy transition, and care for the safety and well-being of people and societies worldwide. With almost 90 years of innovation and expertise, we employ a team of over 2,300 experts committed to taking every measure for the planet. Vaisala series A shares are listed on the Nasdaq Helsinki stock exchange.
Vaisala Xweather brings weather confidence to decision-makers in every weather-sensitive business. By combining unique measurement data, advanced AI models, and actionable insights, Xweather data and software solutions transform weather challenges into opportunities to optimize safety and efficiency while improving resilience against severe weather and climate change.
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